Population decline has recently become a significant issue in Japan’s regional economies. The population has become increasingly concentrated only in the capital, Tokyo. This chapter incorporates a geographical and economic analysis to clarify the issues of this population movement. It focuses on Shizuoka Prefecture as a case study from a national and regional perspective. Our study, which takes a non-hierarchical approach, delves into the migration dynamics between the 47 prefectural capitals and the 46 prefectural capitals, using the 2020 Census data.