In the early twentieth century, Argentina was one of the richest countries in the world. After the 1930s, the gap in economic growth between Argentina and the United States continued to widen. Currently, Argentina still lingers around the high-income country threshold. Politically, it has undergone a complex evolution: from dual-peak conflict to multi-peak conflict, then to single-peak biased political governance, and back to multi-peak conflict. This has left Argentina trapped in a dilemma over the cohesion of its political governance, which in turn has caused sustained damage to economic operations. Meanwhile, relatively low economic accessibility has continuously constrained Argentina’s economic growth. Argentina’s political and economic development demonstrates that even if a country achieves a high level of political cohesion and economic accessibility, it still needs to maintain and enhance these two factors. Once there is a regression in either political cohesion or economic accessibility, it may inflict severe consequences on economic and social development.