Outlook

China’s agri-food system transformation is shifting from a policy-driven stage dominated by government leadership toward a new phase characterized by collaborative governance among the market, government, and society. The governance model is evolving from a single-centered regulatory system to a multi-actor co-governance framework. The market mechanism has inherent advantages in resource allocation and technological innovation, while the government plays a pivotal role in safeguarding public interests and managing risks. With the increasing participation of social organizations, industry associations, and public supervision, tripartite co-governance involving the market, government, and society is becoming the new norm. The governance of the agri-food system is thus forming a multi-level, multi-actor, and multi-channel interactive pattern.