With the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot, higher education is undergoing a paradigm shift from knowledge transmission to competence formation. Finance education, characterized by its semantic density, rule-based logic, and decision-driven scenarios, is especially well-aligned with the cognitive capacities of LLMs. However, current undergraduate curricula remain fragmented, with insufficient integration of AI technologies, outdated pedagogical models, and a misalignment between technical skills and domain-specific applications. This paper proposes a three-tier integrated curriculum framework—comprising foundational theory, practical application, and frontier exploration—tailored for AI-empowered finance education. It introduces a generative pedagogical loop based on a human–task–model triadic interaction system, reshaping learning from passive reception to active cognitive construction. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of platform infrastructure, interdisciplinary collaboration, and institutional coordination to support sustainable curriculum innovation. By addressing key challenges in curriculum coherence, pedagogical adaptation, and ethical governance, the proposed framework offers a systematic pathway for transitioning finance education toward an AI-augmented, capability-driven ecosystem.