Drum screens are widely used in the screening process of gunpowder production. Aiming at the problems that the gunpowder screening process lacks theoretical support and it is difficult to determine the optimal parameters of the production process, this paper established a three-dimensional solid model of a single-layer drum screen according to the actual production process. Taking a certain type of gunpowder particles as an example, the discrete element software EDEM was used to simulate the screening process of gunpowder particles. The influence laws of process parameters such as the rotational speed of the screen cylinder, feeding rate, and screen cylinder structure on the screening efficiency of the drum screen were obtained. The research results show that selecting appropriate process parameters and structural parameters can significantly improve the screening efficiency and production capacity, providing a theoretical basis and data support for the optimization of the gunpowder particle screening process.