Plasticization constitutes a critical manufacturing step in single-base propellant production, where homogeneous mixing of components is achieved while nitrocellulose acquires sufficient plasticity through solvent interaction. Current industrial practice employs large horizontal kneading machines, whose rotor shafts develop tolerance-induced gaps. These gaps allow propellant material to infiltrate through, with subsequent shaft-material friction causing increase of material temperature that will compromise process safety. In this paper, based on non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, a kinetic model of the friction and heat generation process of the propellant material at the rotating shaft is established, and the finite element method was used to solve the control equations. On this basis, the influence law of key parameters such as rotational speed and slip coefficient on the temperature of the propellant material is analyzed. The results demonstrate that if propellant material infiltrates the rotor shaft interface during plasticization, localized temperature increase may occur with shaft rotation, thus forming hazardous zones. Higher rotational speeds and increased wall slip coefficients at the shaft-propellant interface lead to accelerated temperature rise in the propellant material, resulting in compromised process safety. Reducing both the shaft rotational speed and wall slip coefficient effectively mitigates temperature escalation in hazardous zones, thereby enhancing safety during single-base propellant plasticization. This study provides a theoretical framework for predicting and evaluating safety parameters in single-base propellant plasticization systems.