Modeling and Simulation of Driving Dynamics of Multi-axle Vehicle under Non-stationary Road Excitation

With the continuous advancement of vehicle engineering technologies, it has become increasingly crucial to predict the dynamic performance of multi-axle vehicles. This paper investigates the driving dynamics characteristics of multi-axle vehicles under non-stationary random road excitation. To address the limitations of traditional modeling methods in handling multi-axle vehicles, a modeling framework based on the Reduced Multibody System Transfer Matrix Method (RMSTMM) is proposed. Taking an 8 × 8 wheeled vehicle as an example, a full-system dynamics model is established, incorporating wheels, axles, vehicle body, rotation body, and pitch body, while considering wheel-road contact forces, friction forces, and wheel driving force control. The harmonic superposition method is used to generate the C-grade non-stationary road excitation profile. Subsequently, the longitudinal and vertical dynamic responses of the vehicle are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that the proposed simulation framework effectively simulates the driving characteristics of multi-axle vehicles under non-stationary excitation, which provides the theoretical guidance for the design of vehicle and suspension, performance optimization.