Compared with passenger vehicles, wheeled tractors are frequently subjected to prolonged operation under harsh road conditions such as farmland. Consequently, tractor cabins often experience more intense vibrations, thereby imposing more stringent requirements on vibration damping performance. To mitigate the adverse effects of severe vibrations on driver, this study proposes a magnetorheological (MR) technology-based cabin suspension system. In this paper, an MR damper for tractor cabins was designed, with electromagnetic field simulations and mechanical performance analyses conducted, furthermore, a dynamic model of the MR damper was established. A six-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the complete tractor system, including a magnetorheological cab suspension, was developed, simulated and analyzed the tractor’s vertical, pitch, and roll motions while driving on rough terrain, random surfaces, and rutted roads. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the magnetorheological cab suspension system significantly outperforms conventional rubber isolators in vibration suppression for tractor cabs. The magnetorheological cab suspension system can reduce the RMS value of vertical acceleration and the peak pitch/roll angle vibrations by over 60% when the tractor operates on all three types of terrain. improves the vibration suppression performance of the tractor cab. These results conclusively validate the superior performance of the proposed magnetorheological mounting system in enhancing tractor ride comfort, offering a novel technical solution for vibration control in agricultural wheeled tractors.