This study examines the spatial patterns and evolutionary trends of innovation output in the G60 Innovation Corridor from 2010 to 2021. The results indicate significant differences in the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of invention patent applications across various scales. Specifically, at the prefecture-level city scale, Suzhou and Hangzhou have consistently remained core regions for innovation output. At the county scale, the agglomeration trend of innovation output exhibits significant stage-based variations. With 2013 and 2018 as key turning points, the global Moran’s I shows an overall fluctuating “rise–decline–rise” trend. The evolutionary characteristics of the global Moran’s I at the grid unit scale, however, differ markedly from those at the county scale. Notably, during the 2013–2018 period, the invention patent applications at the administratively defined county scale developed toward a more balanced distribution overall, whereas at the 2 km × 2 km grid unit scale, they showed an overall trend toward positive agglomeration. These findings underscore the importance of analyzing innovation dynamics across multiple scales.