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We have revealed that both sesamin and vitamin D undergo complex metabolic processes involving multiple enzymes in the body. In the case of sesamin, its metabolites such as mono- or di-catechol forms generated by drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes are thought to exert physiological effects. Additionally, our recent studies suggest that the conjugates formed by phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes might also possess biological activity. Vitamin D is first hydroxylated at the 25-position in the liver and then at the 1α-position in the kidney to become biologically active. The active form binds to vitamin D receptor (VDR), thereby regulating the transcription of various genes and exerting a wide range of physiological functions. However, recent findings have revealed broader aspects of vitamin D action, including VDR-independent effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, ligand-independent actions of VDR, and physiological roles of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, previously considered a mere precursor. With the advancement of multi-omics research using experimental animals and cultured cells, the investigation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of food factors is becoming increasingly active and is expected to yield significant findings. Nonetheless, it is crucial not to neglect metabolic studies and to always consider the combined effects of the original food factor and its metabolites.

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What We Learned from Studies on the Metabolism of Sesamin and Vitamin D

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Toshiyuki Sakaki,
  • Satoko Kise,
  • Kaori Yasuda

摘要

We have revealed that both sesamin and vitamin D undergo complex metabolic processes involving multiple enzymes in the body. In the case of sesamin, its metabolites such as mono- or di-catechol forms generated by drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes are thought to exert physiological effects. Additionally, our recent studies suggest that the conjugates formed by phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes might also possess biological activity. Vitamin D is first hydroxylated at the 25-position in the liver and then at the 1α-position in the kidney to become biologically active. The active form binds to vitamin D receptor (VDR), thereby regulating the transcription of various genes and exerting a wide range of physiological functions. However, recent findings have revealed broader aspects of vitamin D action, including VDR-independent effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, ligand-independent actions of VDR, and physiological roles of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, previously considered a mere precursor. With the advancement of multi-omics research using experimental animals and cultured cells, the investigation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of food factors is becoming increasingly active and is expected to yield significant findings. Nonetheless, it is crucial not to neglect metabolic studies and to always consider the combined effects of the original food factor and its metabolites.