This chapter develops a complete framework for governance-driven diffusion of general-purpose technologies (GPTs). Its central claim is that strategic advantage in a GPT era depends not on who invents first but on who diffuses fastest, deepest, and most reliably across infrastructures, institutions, and social routines. Diffusion is treated as a governed process—organized through a coherent governance stack of purpose → institutions → diffusion mechanisms → ethical operating system (OS)—rather than a spontaneous market outcome. Section 2.1 contrasts telocratic (purpose-driven) and nomocratic (process-driven) systems, showing why infrastructural power—the capacity to implement policy predictably through society—matters more than despotic command for scalable diffusion. Section 2.2 operationalizes diffusion by converting Rogers’s classical levers (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability) into policy-tunable mechanisms such as pilot–feedback–scale loops, standards velocity, administrative tempo, and adoption-curve steepness. Section 2.3 articulates the ethical OS—yin–yang as correlative ontology, Confucian role ethics as feedback stabilizer, and humane authority as governance capital—that keeps speed legitimate and reversible. Section 2.4 compresses two historical proofs: Han paper and Song paper money, showing how governance functions (standardization, mobilization, legitimacy, programmability) turned inventions into civilizational infrastructures. Section 2.5 integrates the model into leadership questions and measurable indicators for AI, robotics, and digital currency, linking domestic diffusion to international posture. Together these layers provide both theory and instrumentation: a modular design manual for assessing whether any polity can align purpose, machinery, and moral legitimacy so that innovation scales as trusted acceleration rather than brittle speed.