The major ports in the three provinces of China’s Northeast serve as crucial logistic hubs for inland cargo from Northeast China and the Far East, and are integral parts of the Maritime Silk Roads. Given the geographic, economic, cultural, and geopolitical significance of Northeast China, South Korea has identified this area as vital. Since 2013, ferry routes have been established, with three of the ten routes originating from the Northeast three provinces of China and terminating in the Incheon Port. This study focuses on current safety issues concerning car ferries operating between South Korea and China. In particular, it examines the regulatory and legal framework applicable to these ferries, identifies existing limitations in ensuring maritime safety, and explores potential improvements. The analysis highlights the necessity of enhancing bilateral cooperation on maritime safety standards and implementing systematic regulatory measures. Furthermore, it suggests policy and legal reforms, including the establishment of joint safety management frameworks, to improve the safety of car ferries and protect passengers and cargo on South Korea–China ferry routes.