China has emerged as a global maritime powerhouse, fulfilling the triple role of shipbuilding nation, ship-owning nation, and seafarer supplier, and also actively shaping international maritime norms as a Category A member of the IMO Council. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of China’s public maritime legislation, covering its integration of major IMO conventions (MARPOL, SOLAS, MLC), the adoption of key domestic laws such as the Maritime Traffic Safety Law and the Marine Environment Protection Law, and the operation of a robust institutional framework comprising the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Safety Administration, and China Coast Guard. It examines China’s approach to treaty implementation, enforcement regimes—especially port state control—and statutory measures related to ship and crew management, marine environmental protection, and seafarers’ rights. Recent legislative and policy innovations in response to decarbonization, digitalization, and human rights protection are highlighted, reflecting China’s strategic evolution in maritime governance. The analysis demonstrates how China reconciles international obligations with national interests, pursuing compliance and competitiveness in the shipping industry while enhancing maritime safety, environmental protection, and seafarer welfare through legal modernization and institutional reforms