The Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) rise to power in the Indian political landscape has led to a rearticulation of the country’s political grammar, reshaping the idioms through which concepts such as nationhood, secularism, and development are imagined. Over the past four decades the party has steadily transformed its narrative strategies, turning cultural symbols, ideological assertions, and governance agendas into instruments of political persuasion. This chapter examines how the BJP’s manifestos and campaign oratory between 1984 and 2024 evolved in tandem with changing political contexts and leadership styles. Political manifestos are read here as performative amplifications of texts and speeches, tracing how the party’s vocabulary shifted from swadeshi (economic self-reliance) and hindutva (“Hindu-ness”) to coalition-era moderation, and later to Prime Minister Narendra Modi-era’s managerial nationalism and development-first slogans. The analysis highlights how these recalibrations redefined public debate, reframed social-justice claims, and embedded ideology into the everyday grammar of Indian democracy. The chapter argues that the BJP has not only reshaped electoral politics in modern India but has also reconstituted the very narrative framework through which politics is imagined and performed in the country.

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Deconstructing Political Discourse: The Evolving Grammar of India’s Bharatiya Janata Party Manifestos, 1984–2024

  • Ratish Mehta

摘要

The Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) rise to power in the Indian political landscape has led to a rearticulation of the country’s political grammar, reshaping the idioms through which concepts such as nationhood, secularism, and development are imagined. Over the past four decades the party has steadily transformed its narrative strategies, turning cultural symbols, ideological assertions, and governance agendas into instruments of political persuasion. This chapter examines how the BJP’s manifestos and campaign oratory between 1984 and 2024 evolved in tandem with changing political contexts and leadership styles. Political manifestos are read here as performative amplifications of texts and speeches, tracing how the party’s vocabulary shifted from swadeshi (economic self-reliance) and hindutva (“Hindu-ness”) to coalition-era moderation, and later to Prime Minister Narendra Modi-era’s managerial nationalism and development-first slogans. The analysis highlights how these recalibrations redefined public debate, reframed social-justice claims, and embedded ideology into the everyday grammar of Indian democracy. The chapter argues that the BJP has not only reshaped electoral politics in modern India but has also reconstituted the very narrative framework through which politics is imagined and performed in the country.