Organoid and AI-Based Modeling for Pathway Mapping in Cardio-Brain Oncology

Cardio-Brain Oncology (CBO) represents a rapidly emerging and highly interdisciplinary field that investigates the intricate and bidirectional interactions between the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, and oncological processes. This convergence is particularly significant due to overlapping risk factors, shared molecular signaling pathways, and the multifaceted toxicities that cancer therapies can impose on both the heart and brain. As traditional biomedical models fall short in capturing this complexity, the integration of advanced three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems—which mimic organ-specific microenvironments using patient-derived stem cells—and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven computational frameworks offers a transformative approach. These innovations enable dynamic, high-throughput mapping of cellular and molecular pathways involved in CBO, supporting a deeper understanding of disease progression, inter-organ cross-talk, and therapy-induced toxicity. This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of these technologies through theoretical discussions, experimental evidence, real-world case studies, and translational applications, showcasing how the synergy between organoids and AI can revolutionize pathway discovery, risk assessment, drug response prediction, and the development of precision medicine strategies tailored to the unique biology of each patient.