The cardiovascular system and pulmonary system are two important systems in human body, which play an essential role in maintaining human life and ensuring overall health. Adolescence is a developmental period from 10 to 19 years of age. It is a period of rapid physical and mental development for a person, and in addition, the adolescent’s health status will have a tremendous impact on its long-term health status in adulthood. Physical exercise has been found to exert complicated and long-term influence on cardiovascular and respiratory development in children and adolescents. In this chapter, the influence of exercise on the growth and development of adolescents are summarized, which mainly focus on the growth and development of cardiovascular system and respiratory system. This chapter also discusses the influence of life style effectors toward the cardiovascular health and the actual role played by interventions early in life for overcoming risk factors and development of a healthy behavior among adolescents.