Constructed wetlands have emerged as an eco-efficient strategy for addressing wastewater treatment challenges, capitalizing on natural processes to mitigate pollutants. Despite their efficacy, traditional systems often struggle to manage hazardous waste and harness energy efficiently. This chapter proposes a novel solution by integrating microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology with constructed wetlands. MFCs exploit microbial activity to generate electricity from hazardous waste, providing twofold advantages of waste treatment and energy production. The chapter meticulously examines the intricacies of this integration, delving into fundamental principles, nuanced design considerations and critical operational parameters necessary for seamless implementation. It explores the dynamic interplay between microbial communities, electrode materials, hydraulic retention times and system configurations to optimize performance. Drawing from a rich tapestry of case studies and experimental data, the chapter showcases the remarkable efficacy of this hybrid approach. It demonstrates how MFC-integrated constructed wetlands excel in breaking down hazardous pollutants, while concurrently producing renewable energy. These empirical insights underscore the potential of this innovative strategy to elevate overall system performance and sustainability. Moreover, the chapter extends beyond mere theoretical discourse, offering actionable guidance to researchers, engineers and environmental practitioners. By elucidating best practices and lessons learned, it empowers stakeholders to navigate the complexities of hazardous waste management within the realm of wastewater treatment. By synergizing microbial fuel cell technology with constructed wetlands, it not only addresses the pressing challenges of wastewater treatment but also paves the way for a greener, energy-efficient paradigm in environmental stewardship.