Alpine medicinal plants thrive in harsh environments characterized by low temperatures, intense ultraviolet radiation, high winds, and limited water availability. To survive these extreme conditions, these plants exhibit specialized morphological and anatomical adaptations. Leaf modifications are prominent, with many species developing small, narrow, and inrolled leaves to minimize water loss. These leaves often feature thick cuticles, multiple epidermal cell layers, and sunken stomata, reducing transpiration and shielding against cold and radiation. Leaf pubescence enhances solar reflectance, moderating leaf temperature, while heterophylly enables seasonal leaf size variation. Some plants relies on photosynthetic stems with chlorenchyma tissue, replacing reduced or absent leaves. Root adaptations include deep taproots or wide-spreading lateral roots for water access, and rhizosheaths that retain moisture and support nitrogen fixation. Cushion plants, with their dense, hemispherical growth, minimize wind exposure and insulate against temperature extremes. Succulence in leaves or stems allows water storage to endure freeze-thaw cycles and short growing seasons. These integrated adaptations enable alpine medicinal plants to maintain metabolic activity and resilience in variable climates. This study relies on these structural adaptations, highlighting their role in physiological function and survival, with implications for conservation and potential medicinal applications.