Traditional medical practices in mountainous areas have relied heavily on alpine medicinal plants, which are cultivated in the harsh environments of high-altitude habitats. In addition to being essential for curing regional illnesses, these plants have great cultural and historical value for indigenous groups. Generations have passed down traditional knowledge about their usage, which is a vital component of health systems and cultural identity. The history, significance, and incorporation of alpine medicinal plants into traditional knowledge systems are examined in this chapter. It explores the cultural significance, historical background, and applications of common alpine plants, including Picrorhiza kurroa and Arnica montana. Scientific validation by ethnobotanical surveys, phytochemical analysis, and socio-cultural documentation is crucial to guaranteeing their sustained effectiveness and safe usage. These techniques promote the sustainable use and protection of alpine flora and the complex knowledge systems that underpin it by bridging traditional practices with contemporary research.