In the context of the accelerated construction of new power systems and the aging of industrial workers, the adoption of mechanized construction has become the general trend. In addition, driven by the realization of China's “dual carbon” goals and the construction of a new energy system, power grid enterprises urgently need to transform towards sustainable development, and ESG provides a comprehensive framework that integrates environmental, social and corporate governance. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on how to improve the mechanized construction industry chain and make it conform to ESG concepts. This paper divides the power grid construction mechanized construction industry chain into three levels: upstream, midstream and downstream, and explores the development characteristics of the industrial chain under the influence of mechanized construction. The results show that the development of the mechanized construction industry chain of power grid engineering shows the characteristics of normalization, standardization, greening, and digital intelligence, but it has not yet met the sustainable development needs of power grid enterprises. Based on this, this paper analyzes the future development goals of the mechanized construction industry chain by introducing ESG concepts, introduces new entities in the industrial chain such as industry associations, digital operators and green financial institutions, and proposes four development measures to help promote the high-quality development of the mechanized construction industry chain.