High-speed train, with its advantages such as large passenger capacity, high speed, and low energy consumption, has become an important part of the modern transportation system. However, derailment accidents are still the major hidden danger threatening the operational safety of high-speed trains. To this end, this paper proposed a design of wheel-shaped hook anti-derailment device for high-speed trains and carry out numerical simulation analysis to verify the effectiveness of the device. This device can limit the lifting of wheel set through the hook-shaped structure when the train is lifted, thus effectively reducing the risk of derailment. Moreover, it can ensure the train pass through curves by installing small wheels on the hook-shaped anti-derailment device. The application of the device is of great significance for ensuring the operational safety of the high-speed train.