The twenty-first century presents pressing global challenges, notably rapid urbanisation and climate change. As urban living becomes increasingly central to human experience, the study of human settlements offers valuable insights into sustainable development, particularly through the lens of human-nature interactions. The human-nature relationship creating the built environment is evident in the vernacular architecture and landscape of indigenous communities. Shaped by indigenous knowledge system and practices, this chapter explores how vernacular architecture reflects adaptive responses to environmental conditions. Focusing on riverine communities in Agusan Marsh, Mindanao, Philippines, the study examines how local architectural forms embody resilience and ecological sensitivity. In Sabang Gibong riverine community, four typologies of floating houses—locally known as hapa, hanger, hapa-hanger, and dos andanas—demonstrate nuanced adaptations to fluctuating water levels. In La Flora riverine community, other than floating houses, the built environment includes stilt houses and hybrid structures combining floating and stilt technologies, which are shaped by the community’s spatial and ecological context. The marsh ecosystem provides basic building materials such as bamboo for floaters and timber for main structure of the houses. Moreover, synthetic modern building materials were integrated in the construction of houses. With the marshland environmental conditions, these housing forms respond to seasonal and annual flooding through elevation strategies and buoyant design. Living with the waters, the vernacular architecture of Agusan Marsh illustrates how indigenous ingenuity fosters community resilience in the face of environmental variability. By foregrounding these practices, this chapter aims to contribute to broader discussions on climate adaptation and sustainable urbanism, offering lessons for similarly vulnerable cities and regions worldwide.