Nanotechnology is reshaping tumor therapy, with nanoenzymes—anoenzymesogybiocatalytic nanomaterialsanomaterialsg tumor therapy, with nanoenzymeslationol of Medicine, strates with low or negligible toxicity into cytotoxic species (e.g., reactive free radicals), nanoenzymes can drive tumor cells toward apoptosis or necrosis while reducing the side effects of conventional treatments. Compared with natural enzymes, nanoenzymes offer enhanced stability and versatility, thereby improving both the effectiveness and safety of existing therapeutic approaches. Under mild physiological in vivo conditions, nanoenzymes catalyze reactions efficiently and potentiate modalities such as immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and sonodynamic therapy, underscoring their unique value in tumor treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in nanoenzyme-based combination therapies and outlines how nanoenzymes enhance antitumor efficacy through multiple mechanisms. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities of integrating nanoenzymes with conventional therapies and looks ahead to the development of next-generation nanoenzymes and the expansion of their biomedical applications.