Nanotherapeutics has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy, combining advanced drug delivery systems with real-time monitoring capabilities to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. Targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles allows for the precise localization of therapeutic agents at tumor sites. Thus, drug concentration is improved in the tumor by reducing systemic toxicity. Nanoparticles are developed for active targeting, leveraging ligands or antibodies that bind specifically to cancer cell receptors, or for passive targeting through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. Additionally, nanocarriers can be designed for controlled and sustained drug release, optimizing therapeutic outcomes. For targeted drug delivery, nanotechnology is a approach to monitor distribution of drug, tumor progression, and therapy using imaging techniques such as MRI, fluorescence, and photoacoustic imaging. This dual capability theranostic (therapeutic and diagnostic) offers a unique approach to personalized cancer care, allowing clinicians to track treatment efficacy and adjust regimens based on real-time data. As research continues to address challenges in biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory approval, nanotherapeutics holds significant potential in revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms.