Based on the Hodgkin-Huxley model, this paper develops a simulation platform for the action potential transmission model that can flexibly adjust stimulus parameters using MATLAB and Simulink, and introduces the improved Euler method to enhance computational efficiency. The study examined how direct current stimulation affects the firing patterns of excitatory and inhibitory neurons by considering the reversal potential of the ion channel as a variable. It was found that both types of neurons showed intensity-dependent responses: the discharge frequency of excitatory neurons increased with increasing stimulation intensity, parameters such as half-peak width decreased, and they were sensitive to the regulation of the ion channel. The response threshold of inhibitory neurons is relatively high, and the effect of low-intensity stimulation is small. Changes in ion channel parameters also significantly affect their discharge patterns. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of direct current stimulation in the field of neural regulation.