Explores the evolving dynamics of return migration among rural migrants in Western China amid the nation’s urbanization transformation. It situates the return phenomenon within broader structural changes—urban-rural disparity, policy reforms, and spatial governance shifts. Using Sichuan Province as a focal case, the chapter emphasizes how high housing costs and social exclusion in major cities, coupled with rising economic and infrastructural improvements in county towns, are reshaping migrant settlement choices. It also critically reviews theoretical frameworks—such as push-pull theory, job-housing balance, and social integration theory—and identifies their limitations in explaining emerging return trends. The chapter concludes by presenting a multidimensional analytical framework incorporating macro-policy environments, meso-level spatial structures, and micro-level family strategies to explain residential decision-making. This lays the foundation for investigating how county towns are evolving from population exporters to attractive resettlement hubs, offering insights into China’s next-stage urbanization path.