EBPM has been actively promoted in Japan since around 2017, but it remains unclear how EBPM is understood and practiced in Japan’s central government. This chapter examines the current status of EBPM in Japan by addressing two questions: how government officials discuss and understand EBPM, and how robust existing policy evaluations are in terms of their evidence base. To answer these questions, it analyzes minutes of Policy Evaluation Expert Committee meetings and evaluation documents for two major tourism promotion programs. Through these analyses, the chapter assesses the extent to which EBPM has taken root in Japanese central ministries and identifies key weaknesses in current evaluation practices.