This paper presents an integrated debugging and testing system for aerial infrared cameras, addressing the limitations of conventional methods in precision and efficiency. The proposed system combines a unified testing platform with configurable multiple auxiliary devices and a hardware-software co-design approach. It enables comprehensive functionalities, including assembly component inspection, optomechanical parameter calibration, dynamic mechanical characteristic analysis, servo control parameter tuning, and full-state operational testing. Key innovations include standardized modular architecture, digital bus interface technology, and real-time signal processing capabilities. Experimental results demonstrate superior performance compared to existing solutions, with a functional pass rate of 98%, detection error below 0.1%, and system stability exceeding 500 h (MTBF). The system also exhibits robust reliability under extreme conditions (50 °C to −20 °C) and achieves a 100% success rate in safety mechanisms. Field tests across three different application scenarios confirmed consistent performance with less than 2% variation in functional pass rates. Future improvements focus on temperature compensation and hardware acceleration to further enhance precision and response times. This solution significantly advances aerial infrared camera testing by integrating scalability, multi-functionality, and safety assurance into a single platform.