Against the background of building a strong transportation country, railway construction holds critical strategic importance as a key component. Meanwhile, since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the status of ecological civilization construction has become prominent, and ecological civilization construction in railway construction has become an important topic. However, the disturbances to the surrounding natural environment during the advancement of railway construction and the management shortcomings such as unclear division of labor, insufficient continuity of work, and poor coordination across different links in soil and water conservation efforts cannot be ignored. This study focuses on the integrated collaborative management mechanism of the division of labor in management organizations and environmental and water conservation work throughout the entire process of railway construction. It aims to improve the quality of environmental protection and soil and water conservation by optimizing the division of labor in management organizations, promote the coordinated development of railway construction and ecological protection, and provide references for research and practice in related fields.