Under the strategic guidance of global green and low-carbon transformation and China's “dual carbon” goals, the research on the integration of transportation and energy is of great significance. China has introduced a series of policies, such as the “Outline for Building a Strong Transportation Country” and the “14th Five Year Plan for the Development of Modern Comprehensive Transportation System”, which have created a favorable policy environment for the integration of the two. With the growth of transportation demand, the overall energy consumption of railway transportation is on the rise, especially in non electrified railway sections. The “dual carbon” goal has put forward urgent requirements for the green transformation of the railway industry. Currently, there are various forms of integration between the two, including the transformation of solar and wind energy utilization in railway infrastructure, the transition of transportation equipment to electric locomotives, and the exploration of new energy locomotives. In terms of technological innovation, energy conversion and storage technology, as well as intelligent energy management systems, are constantly developing. In the future, multi energy synergy and complementarity, accelerated technological integration and innovation, and industrial synergy and integration will become development trends. This study aims to provide practical support for sustainable and collaborative development in this field.