Facing escalating global energy scarcity and environmental degradation, the adoption of novel energy sources represents a pivotal trajectory for sustainable evolution of the shipping sector. Hybrid power system integrating diverse energy sources-including conventional fossil fuels, renewables, hydrogen, fuel cell, and batteries offer a promising approach for greener shipping by ensuring continuous and reliable power source across varying operational profiles. This solution has garnered significant attention from both industry and academia. A state-of-the-art multi-energy hybrid power system for ships is introduced in this paper. The configuration and characteristics of series, parallel and series-parallel hybrid power systems are analyzed and compared. Challenges of multi-energy power system for large-scale ships such as reliability, control and efficiency are discussed, and possible solutions are proposed.