The western region of China is predominantly characterized by high-altitude terrain and long-gradient railway lines, where complex environmental conditions and limited power supply stability pose significant challenges to safe and reliable train operation. In the event of a catenary failure resulting in power loss, train services may be severely disrupted, and the difficulty of executing rescue operations in such environments further exacerbates operational risks. Equipping trains with an emergency power supply capability enables the use of onboard energy storage systems for emergency traction, allowing trains to autonomously reach the nearest station or rescue facility, thereby enhancing operational resilience and safety. This study focuses on optimizing the configuration of train traction system parameters through traction power analysis, tailored to the specific characteristics of the experimental railway line and vehicle data. A comparative assessment of emergency traction performance under two-motor and four-motor configurations is conducted to identify the optimal emergency traction strategy. In addition, a rule-based energy management strategy is developed in accordance with practical engineering constraints to coordinate traction and braking power during emergency operation. A comprehensive simulation model is established and validated using MATLAB/SIMULINK to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.