Photovoltaic pavement integrates road functionality with solar power generation but lacks developed surface functionality testing methods. This paper systematically investigates surface testing techniques, covering surface layer material selection, texture design, and comprehensive performance evaluation. By analyzing asphalt and cement concrete pavement surface functionalities, similarities and differences with photovoltaic pavement are identified. Key functional aspects—skid resistance and light transmittance—are determined. Standards-based comprehensive testing methods are proposed, including skid resistance evaluation models; direct and indirect light transmittance testing. Through comparative analysis of various photovoltaic pavement surface layer materials and types, three PMMA-based modules with distinct surface textures - hexagonal texture, coarse wave texture, and fine wave texture - were selected for experimental evaluation of skid resistance and light transmittance. Experimental results demonstrate: (1) The fine wave texture PMMA surface layer exhibits 65% light transmittance with an obstruction coefficient of 1.10, and achieves a British Pendulum Number (BPN) of 48 for skid resistance. (2) The hexagonal texture demonstrates superior skid resistance with a BPN of 50, but shows reduced light transmittance (50%) and a higher obstruction coefficient (1.28). (3) The coarse wave texture achieves 33% light transmittance with an obstruction coefficient of 1.15, accompanied by a BPN of 46 for skid resistance.