The electrification of medium- and heavy-duty trucks in India is a pivotal step toward achieving sustainable and carbon-neutral road transport, addressing the significant environmental impact of commercial vehicles responsible for 34% of vehicular emissions. This research investigates the challenges hindering the widespread integration of electric medium and heavy-duty trucks within the Indian logistics sector, considering technological, infrastructural, economic, and policy-related factors. Utilizing a rich dataset derived from primary data collection, stakeholder consultations, expert interviews, and policy analyses, the study identifies and analyzes hurdles in electric truck adoption. A comprehensive Total Cost of Ownership analysis compares electric medium- and heavy-duty trucks with conventional counterparts, considering capital and operational expenses, discount rates, and resale values. Critical challenges include the lack of adequate charging infrastructure, limiting the operational range of electric trucks, and constraints in battery technology, affecting energy density, cost, and charging speed. The study evaluates various State EV policies, FAME II, the National Electric Mobility plan, and the e-Fast Scheme by NITI Aayog, highlighting initiatives, incentives, and existing gaps in the journey toward widespread adoption. Beyond technological and policy aspects, the research delves into customer perceptions and acceptance, addressing factors like range anxiety, reliability, and familiarity with electric technologies. These insights are vital for industry stakeholders, offering valuable input for effective marketing and educational strategies in the growing landscape of electric medium and heavy-duty trucks. A root cause analysis was conducted to determine the interdependencies among the identified barriers and additional intermediate factors. The core barriers to the adoption of electric medium and heavy-duty trucks (EMHDTs) in India were identified as grid capacity, policy support, technological uncertainty, and evolving battery technology.