Sorghum has historically been considered one of the most challenging plant species for tissue culture, genetic transformation, and gene editing among cereals. Consequently, research and application of these biotechnologies have lagged those of its counterparts, such as rice and maize. Among modern cutting-edge biotechnologies, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system has garnered worldwide attention for plant genome editing. This system efficiently and precisely targets modifications in genome sequences, accelerating modern plant breeding processes and compensating for limitations of traditional breeding methods in sorghum improvement. Significant progress in sorghum biotechnologies has been made, especially in the twenty-first century, through continuous and persistent optimization and improvement. Universality, efficiency, and stability are key factors in overcoming bottlenecks in sorghum genetic transformation and enhancing gene editing efficiency. In recent years, the development of sorghum genetic transformation system, completion of sorghum genome sequencing, identification of important agronomic trait genes, and optimization of genome editing system have led to significant progress and advancement. CRISPR-Cas-mediated gene editing has resulted in the cultivation of sorghum varieties with enhanced resistance, increased productivity, and improved quality. This chapter reviews the status of sorghum genetic transformation and genome editing tools, their application in improving superior qualities, and the challenges and prospects for future sorghum development. It aims to provide a systematic elaboration on sorghum gene editing and serve as a reference for further improvement.