The global pursuit of renewable energy has become increasingly urgent as fossil fuel reserves deplete and their contribution to climate change intensifies. Among renewable sources, solar energy stands out as abundant and environmentally friendly, with significant development potential due to its low technological demands and minimal environmental impact. This research focuses on identifying suitable locations for solar power plant installations in Jorhat District, Assam, India. It utilizes a combination of Geographic Information System, Analytical Hierarchy Process, and Multi-Criteria Evaluation techniques. Weighted Overlay Analysis in ArcGIS was used to assign weights to a variety of parameters, including slope, elevation, solar radiation, proximity to power transmission lines, roads, buildings, water bodies, and earth surface temperature. The study area was categorized into four suitability classes: currently not suitable, marginally suitable, moderately suitable, and highly suitable for solar power facility development, as indicated by the resulting land suitability map. The analysis revealed that 214.30 km2 (12.19%) of the total area is highly suitable for solar farm development, while 63.99 km2 (3.64%) was deemed unsuitable. The most significant influencing factors were solar radiation and proximity to power transmission lines. This research emphasizes the considerable potential for solar energy expansion in Assam, providing valuable insights for government bodies, urban planners, and stakeholders involved in sustainable energy development. The study’s findings offer strategic guidance for the placement of solar power plants, thus playing a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions and promoting a cleaner, more reliable energy supply for the region’s population.