Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating global health crisis that jeopardizes the efficacy of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, rendering previously treatable infections increasingly challenging to manage. Resistant pathogens emerge and spread due to excessive and improper use of antibiotics in health care, farming, and animal rearing, as well as insufficient infection prevention and poor hygiene. Antimicrobial resistance presents substantial public health obstacles, contributing to extended illnesses, escalated healthcare expenditures, and elevated mortality rates. Addressing this challenge necessitates a multifaceted strategy, encompassing the promotion of antimicrobial stewardship, the development of innovative therapeutic interventions, the enhancement of surveillance systems, and the fostering of global cooperation to implement effective policies. Failure to urgently and collectively address this issue risks propelling the world into a post-antibiotic era, wherein routine infections may become potentially life-threatening. This chapter emphasizes the critical need for sustained efforts to address antimicrobial resistance and maintain the effectiveness of modern medical treatments, preferring a One Health approach.