Trichinellosis is a food-borne zoonotic disease in humans caused by nematode worms belonging to the genus Trichinella, which can infect over 100 species of mammals, birds, and poikilotherms. While pigs and rodents are key reservoirs particularly for the zoonotic T. spiralis, especially occurring in peridomestic settings, the parasite circulates in diverse ecological cycles. Recent research findings indicate the existence of 13 species and genotypes, categorised into capsulated and non-capsulated clades. Natural infections in animals are often asymptomatic or present with vague clinical signs, making early diagnosis difficult and contributing to their role as reservoirs. In humans, trichinellosis can manifest as mild gastrointestinal symptoms or severe systemic disease, including muscle pain, periorbital oedema, fever, and ocular or subungual haemorrhages. While fatalities are rare due to improved diagnostic and therapeutic options, severe complications such as myocarditis and encephalitis can occur. Therefore, to prevent human and animal infections, a One Health approach is crucial, involving a combination of strategies, including proper meat handling, promoting safe meat consumption, hygienic disposal of meat waste, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment strategies. Whereas mass treatment of animals is often impractical, reducing the risk of human transmission by preventing carrion consumption by stray animals is vital through responsible disposal of animal carcasses, implementing public awareness campaigns, and stringent food safety regulations. In this context, this chapter presents a comprehensive overview of trichinellosis, discussing its history, taxonomy, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.