Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, poses a significant global public health challenge. This chapter provides an overview of both human and zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB) and highlights their interconnectedness. Human TB is commonly transmitted through airborne respiratory droplets, whereas zoonotic TB, primarily caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is transmitted through direct interaction with infected animals or by consuming animal products that are contaminated. The symptoms of human and zoonotic TB are often similar, complicating diagnosis. This chapter highlights the significance of distinguishing between human tuberculosis and its zoonotic counterparts to enable effective treatment and control measures. Additionally, it focuses on the necessity of adopting a One Health approach that integrates efforts to monitor and manage health issues in both humans and animals are essential to tackle the interconnected nature of these diseases and reduce their effects on human and animal populations.