Cement production is a significant contributor to global CO₂ emissions, with clinker manufacturing being the primary source. Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) has emerged as a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), reducing emissions by replacing a portion of clinker with calcined clay and limestone. However, its adoption in Pakistan remains limited due to insufficient research on its chemical composition and hydration behavior. This study investigates the heat of hydration of LC3 using indigenous materials, focusing on the impact of superplasticizers on its setting time, workability, and strength development. LC3 was produced by blending 50% clinker, 30% calcined clay, 15% limestone, and 5% gypsum. Chemical composition analysis, consistency tests, and compressive strength evaluation were conducted per ASTM standards. The heat of hydration was measured using isothermal calorimeter. Results indicate that LC3 exhibits lower early-age strength due to reduced CaO content but demonstrates improved long-term performance. The addition of superplasticizers enhanced workability, with polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers accelerating hydration compared to naphthalene-based alternatives. The heat of hydration of LC3 was lower than that of OPC due to the pozzolanic effect of calcined clay, which reduced free lime availability. This slower hydration process results in a more gradual heat release, minimizing thermal cracking risks. Overall, LC3 presents a viable low-carbon alternative to OPC, with optimized superplasticizer use improving its mechanical properties. Further research on long-term durability and field applications is recommended to enhance its feasibility for large-scale implementation.

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Investigation of Heat of Hydration of Superplasticized Calcined Clay-Based Cement

  • Talha Raza,
  • Muhammad Danyal Sheikh,
  • Tariq Jamil,
  • Tehmina Ayub,
  • Asad-ur-Rehman Khan

摘要

Cement production is a significant contributor to global CO₂ emissions, with clinker manufacturing being the primary source. Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) has emerged as a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), reducing emissions by replacing a portion of clinker with calcined clay and limestone. However, its adoption in Pakistan remains limited due to insufficient research on its chemical composition and hydration behavior. This study investigates the heat of hydration of LC3 using indigenous materials, focusing on the impact of superplasticizers on its setting time, workability, and strength development. LC3 was produced by blending 50% clinker, 30% calcined clay, 15% limestone, and 5% gypsum. Chemical composition analysis, consistency tests, and compressive strength evaluation were conducted per ASTM standards. The heat of hydration was measured using isothermal calorimeter. Results indicate that LC3 exhibits lower early-age strength due to reduced CaO content but demonstrates improved long-term performance. The addition of superplasticizers enhanced workability, with polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers accelerating hydration compared to naphthalene-based alternatives. The heat of hydration of LC3 was lower than that of OPC due to the pozzolanic effect of calcined clay, which reduced free lime availability. This slower hydration process results in a more gradual heat release, minimizing thermal cracking risks. Overall, LC3 presents a viable low-carbon alternative to OPC, with optimized superplasticizer use improving its mechanical properties. Further research on long-term durability and field applications is recommended to enhance its feasibility for large-scale implementation.