Urogenital Cancer

In patients with localized kidney cancer, activities of daily living are usually maintained. But if renal function is disturbed, dietary restriction or hemodialysis may be necessary. In metastatic kidney cancer, systemic therapy is continued, and careful attention is needed for employment. Urinary bladder cancer is known as environmental and industrial cancer. In superficial bladder cancer, no serious restriction is demanded after endoscopic surgery. In muscle-invasive bladder cancer, urinary diversion is necessary upon resection of the urinary bladder, and stoma/ostomy bag care is crucial for working. In metastatic bladder cancer, chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy are performed, and management of side effects and disturbance of activities are important for employment. In localized prostate cancer, complications vary between surgery (erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence) and radiotherapy (hematuria and rectal bleeding). In metastatic prostate cancer, hormone therapy is generally utilized. Although hormone therapy is less toxic, side effects consist of sexual dysfunction, hot flushes, osteoporosis, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and cardiovascular diseases. Because patients with testicular cancer are young, physical and psychological care are important for management of work. In advanced-stage testicular cancer, extensive and long-term chemotherapy must be applied to cure the disease, and working during and after therapy should be managed and supported appropriately.