Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Mexico: Biological Protection of Agave spp. Against Scyphophorus acupunctatus
摘要
The agave weevil (Scyphophorus acupunctatus, Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is the primary pest of agave crops in Mexico, significantly affecting their productivity and commercial value. The extensive use of chemical insecticides can cause issues such as pest resistance and adverse environmental effects, highlighting the need for sustainable and effective management alternatives. This study aimed to identify entomopathogenic fungi native to the state of Oaxaca that are pathogenic to S. acupunctatus adults collected from Agave potatorum. Using the insect-trap method with Tenebrio molitor larvae, we collected soil samples from six municipalities and isolated strains of Beauveria and Metarhizium. We evaluated these strains in a laboratory setting using conidial suspensions of 1 × 106 and 1 × 108 conidia/mL, applying both immersion and spray techniques to adult S. acupunctatus specimens. We obtained 22 fungal isolates; seven caused ≥80% mortality 5 days after immersion. Using the spray technique, six isolates produced >60% mortality 11 days post-inoculation. Morphological and molecular techniques identified Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum as the most effective fungi.