Electrochemical Techniques for Microfluidics
摘要
Electrochemistry is a powerful tool for integrating microfluidic functions for realizing more complex and automated solution processing. Micropumps and microvalves are indispensable components in microfluidics, and the integration of solution transport function remains a critical goal. Although many micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS)-based micropumps and microvalves have been developed, their complex structures and fabrication processes make the integration of multiple units challenging. In contrast, electrochemical micropumps and microvalves are typically based on the electrolysis of water using simple electrode patterns and electrolyte solutions that simplify integration. Several microfluidic devices incorporating multiple electrolysis-based micropumps have already been reported. Electrochemical microvalves can also be realized by modulating the wettability of electrode surfaces in flow channels utilizing various methods, such as direct electrowetting, reductive desorption of hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers, or wettability change on conducting polymer surfaces. These simple structures allow for the integration of multiple valves at essential locations within the flow channels. By coupling these valves with oxidation reactions at electrodes in control flow channels, autonomous solution transport can be realized. Moreover, the transported solutions themselves can be used to sequentially switch between additional necessary operations. Alongside solution transport, pH regulation is another indispensable function. Various methods have been proposed to adjust and maintain solution pH via controlled electrolysis of water.