Strategic Assessment of Launch Site Selection in Oman for Low Earth and Sun-Synchronous Orbit Missions

As global demand for satellite deployment into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO) continues to accelerate, new geographic regions are exploring entry into the space launch sector. This study presents a strategic evaluation of Oman as a potential launch site for orbital missions, with a focus on LEO and SSO access. Leveraging Oman’s unique geographic position situated near the equator with access to expansive coastal regions the analysis examines key selection criteria, including latitude advantages, range safety, trajectory optimization, logistical infrastructure, and geopolitical stability. Using a multi-criteria decision framework, we assess optimal launch azimuths for polar and sun-synchronous trajectories, highlight necessary downrange safety corridors over the Arabian Sea, and model orbital insertion efficiencies achievable from potential coastal sites such. Environmental impact assessments and regulatory frameworks are also considered to ensure sustainable development. Preliminary findings indicate that Oman offers competitive benefits for mid-inclination and near-polar launches, especially for emerging commercial and government-led small satellite missions. The establishment of launch capabilities in Oman could serve regional demand while enhancing national technological leadership in aerospace sectors. This work aims to provide foundational guidance for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academic researchers involved in developing Oman’s space infrastructure roadmap.