Employee Stress and Insecurity in Tech-Driven Startups

In Indonesia’s dynamic startup ecosystem, technological advancement is critical for innovation and competitiveness. However, continuous technology changes may impose psychological demands that affect employees’ well-being. This study investigates the relationship between technology changes, work stress, and job insecurity among startup employees in Jakarta. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this research examines both direct and indirect effects, with a focus on the mediating role of work stress. Data were collected from 121 employees using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that technological changes have a significant positive impact on work stress and job insecurity. Work stress also significantly increases job insecurity and mediates the relationship between technology changes and job insecurity. These findings underscore the importance of startup organizations striking a balance between digital innovation and employee support systems. By addressing work stress through training, communication, and wellness programs, startups can reduce perceptions of job insecurity and promote long-term employee well-being.