Maintaining road infrastructure to ensure mobility is a major challenge of our time. In times of restricted public funds, increased environmental awareness in our society and the limited availability of building materials, sustainable and resource-saving maintenance concepts are becoming more and more important. Explicit knowledge of the structural condition of the layers in the road structure is essential for the assessment of the condition of asphalt roads. The Traffic Speed Deflectometer is a high-speed measuring device that uses Doppler laser sensors to collect data for evaluating the load-bearing capacity of a road and recognizing defects that are not visible on the surface. As part of the projects, measurements were carried out on 31 road sections on 17 different federal and state roads before and after road maintenance work in 2020, 2022 and 2023. As expected, the maintenance measures for the asphalt surface course did not have any significant effects on the structural condition of the pavement. However, renewal measures that went beyond the surface course led to an improvement in bearing capacity, which was reflected in a positive change in the relevant parameters. The data obtained is of great importance for research with regard to the development of new assessment principles. TSD measurements allow the development of sustainable and resource-saving maintenance concepts. In the future, the data can be used as a basis for deep learning techniques for modelling and predicting the structural condition of a road.