By exploring the intricate interrelationship between sustainable development, economic growth, and climate change, the present chapter highlights synergies and trade-offs inherent in balancing these global priorities. We critically examine how conventional models of economic growth have contributed to environmental degradation and exacerbated climate change while recognizing the potential of green innovation and policy reform to decouple net growth from emissions. The chapter finally emphasizes the need for policy frameworks that align climate goals with socioeconomic development, particularly in emerging economies. Through a multidisciplinary lens, it offers insights into sustainable pathways that promote inclusive growth, resource efficiency, and long-term environmental resilience.