This book focuses on two complementary arguments that seek to reframe urbanization and long-term development processes through the lens of ‘environmental sustainability’ and ‘economic location’ frameworks, respectively. First, a critique to globalized, growth-oriented urbanization paradigms is proposed in this chapter. Subsequently, we delineated a possible shift toward resilient, place-based economies that prioritize local resources, labor, and knowledge systems. This theoretical reorientation emphasizes self-reliance, equity, and circular economic practices as foundational to sustainable urban futures. We also considered the environmental dimension of sustainable development in metropolitan contexts, examining how land-use, infrastructure, and ecological systems can be reconfigured to minimize carbon footprints, restore biodiversity, and foster climate adaptation. Together, these perspectives challenge dominant models of urbanization and advocate for integrated strategies that balance economic viability with environmental stewardship and social justice.