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Emerging as a transforming technology forReconfigurable intelligent surface next-generation wirelessWireless communicationCommunication systemsWireless communication systems, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) provide programmable control over EM waveWave propagation. Recent advances highlight 1-bit and multibit reflectarrays, dual-band and dual-polarized metasurfacesMetasurface, and small transmissive routers among RIS systems. To provide real-time phase modulation, beam steering, and coverage shaping, these devices use control mechanisms like PIN diodes, varactors, infrared digital codes, and microcontroller-based shift registers. Highlights of RIS capabilities in dynamic beamforming, indoor wireless coverage augmentation, energy-efficient signal routing, and intelligent wireless power transfer are demonstrations across sub-6 GHz and millimetre-wave bands. Experimental validations for sub-wavelengthSubwavelength-thin designs enabling angular stabilityAngular stability and dual-polarization report up to 40 dB signal gain in NLOS circumstances. Integration with RF energy-harvesting circuits speeds up RIS acceptance in smart settings. These developments taken together contribute to RIS as a major enabler for flexible, low-cost, energy-efficient communication in the next 5G and 6G networks.

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sukomal Dey,
  • Mohammad Abdul Shukoor,
  • Shiban Kishen Koul

摘要

Emerging as a transforming technology forReconfigurable intelligent surface next-generation wirelessWireless communicationCommunication systemsWireless communication systems, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) provide programmable control over EM waveWave propagation. Recent advances highlight 1-bit and multibit reflectarrays, dual-band and dual-polarized metasurfacesMetasurface, and small transmissive routers among RIS systems. To provide real-time phase modulation, beam steering, and coverage shaping, these devices use control mechanisms like PIN diodes, varactors, infrared digital codes, and microcontroller-based shift registers. Highlights of RIS capabilities in dynamic beamforming, indoor wireless coverage augmentation, energy-efficient signal routing, and intelligent wireless power transfer are demonstrations across sub-6 GHz and millimetre-wave bands. Experimental validations for sub-wavelengthSubwavelength-thin designs enabling angular stabilityAngular stability and dual-polarization report up to 40 dB signal gain in NLOS circumstances. Integration with RF energy-harvesting circuits speeds up RIS acceptance in smart settings. These developments taken together contribute to RIS as a major enabler for flexible, low-cost, energy-efficient communication in the next 5G and 6G networks.