Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Ranunculaceae family, valued both as a medicinal herb and ornamental plant. Its root, referred to as “Baishao” in traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for therapeutic purposes. Peonies are primarily distributed across China, Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Russia (Siberia). Within China, they are found in provinces such as Jiangsu, Shaanxi, southern Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Anhui, Shandong, and Zhejiang, as well as the northeastern and northern regions, where they are also cultivated in urban parks. In northeastern China, they grow on mountain slopes and forest areas at altitudes of 480–700 m, while in other provinces, they thrive on grassy slopes at altitudes of 1000–2300 m. The peony root, once boiled and peeled, appears pale white or light reddish-brown, smooth or with longitudinal wrinkles and small root scars, sometimes retaining traces of brown outer skin. It is traditionally used to nourish the blood, regulate menstruation, astringe sweat, soothe the liver, relieve pain, and stabilize liver yang, addressing conditions such as blood deficiency with pallor, menstrual irregularities, spontaneous and night sweating, hypochondriac pain, abdominal pain, limb spasms, and dizziness.